DOES ENERGY CONSUMPTION IMPACT THE ENVIRONMENT? EVIDENCE FROM AUSTRALIA USING THE JJ BAYER-HANCK COINTEGRATION TECHNIQUE AND THE AUTOREGRESSIVE DISTRIBUTED LAG TEST

This study investigates the impact of energy consumption on environmental pollution in Australia using time series data from 1971 to 2015. Gross domestic product (GDP), total population (TP), and financial development (FD) are included as control variables. In achieving objective, this employ unit root test, cointegration autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) long-run short-run methodology examine nexus between consumption, carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, Domestic Product (FD). The results ARDL reveals that is most substantial determinant impacts pollution. However, empirical findings suggest GDP, TP, FD insignificant contributing an increase CO2 emissions. Thus, concludes policymakers attention trend pattern crucial for effective policies